In this paper, we present a detailed look at the phytoremediation mechanism-plant-contaminant proper selection. This paper is a comprehensive review of the recent state-of-the-art in the field of phytoremediation. Moreover, the high biomass yield, smooth spreading and harvesting along with strong ability to uptake and accumulate pollutants are required. Previous studies indicate that plants used for phytoremediation processes should have high adaptability and significant tolerance to contaminant exposure. The critical point, ensuring the profitability and effectiveness of this method, may be achieved by appropriate selection of plant to the type and concentration of contaminants as well as the characteristics of the polluted site. Phytoremediation has been widely studied for the removal of heavy metals, radionuclides, hydrocarbons, pesticides, or recently also pharmaceuticals. The cleanup process may utilize various mechanisms, including phytoextraction, phytovolatilization, phytostabilization, phytodegradation, rhizodegradation, or rhizofiltration. Phytoremediation involves using plants as a purifying agent in situ for soil and water systems remediation. The word “phytoremediation” derives from the Greek “ phyton” and the Latin “ remedium”, which mean “plant” and “to correct”, respectively. Phytoremediation is the use of plants and their associated microorganisms with the aim of removal, degradation or isolation of toxic substances from the environment. Phytoremediation techniques seem to be a sustainable alternative to less environmentally friendly traditional methods of soil purification. Above mentioned methods are usually expensive and in most cases result in the generation of secondary waste. Contaminated soils and residues can be treated by various methods, including: isolation, incineration, stabilization, vitrification, thermal treatment, solvent extraction, chemical oxidation and many more. It is crucial to maximize the progress in pollution-free production methods and minimize the level of contaminants by applying effective treatment ways. On the other hand, the rising environmental awareness of people affects pro-ecological activities, aiming to improve the quality and purity of the environment. The rapid development of the global industry, especially in the field of energy supply, agriculture, mining, metal, and chemical production or transport, contributes to the increase of air, soil, and water pollution.
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